污水工程翻译（其中“反渗透”翻译成“RO”即可）
4.5.5.1反渗透加药装置
a.阻垢剂加药装置
为了在较高回收率情况下防止反渗透浓水端特别是反渗透压力容器中最后一根膜元件的浓水侧出现碳酸盐、硫酸盐和Ca2+、Mg2+离子的化学结垢，从而影响膜元件的性能，在反渗透进水前需要加入阻垢剂。本系统选用美国进口阻垢剂，该药剂是一种分散型隐蔽剂，其作用如下：
·阻垢效能高，原水LSI指数最大允许值为2.8，在此范围内可有效的控制无机物结垢。
·主要成分为含磷小分子有机物，在水中性质稳定，不易分解产生具有微生物营养的正磷酸盐营养物，排放后也不会对环境产生污染。
·为优秀的分散剂，可控制铁、铝及重金属污染，也可以对堵塞膜微孔的铁胶体和细小颗粒起到分散作用。
阻垢剂加药装置主要包括2台美国Milton Roy公司的电磁隔膜计量泵（1用1备）、1台溶液箱。
阻垢剂加药控制采用加药计量泵与进水在线流量计的信号输出联锁的控制方法，达到自动调节加药量的目的。
b.还原剂加药装置
反渗透复合膜要求进水的余氯小于0.1mg/l，加入亚硫酸氢钠等还原剂的目的是中和来水中余氯等氧化性成分，防止其对反渗透膜元件的损坏。
本加药装置主要包括2台美国MiltonRoy公司的机械隔膜计量泵（1用1备）和1台溶液箱。加药量可根据在线余氯(ORP)表输出的4－20mA信号自动调节,也可手动调节。
4.5.5.2反渗透系统
反渗透是目前水处理系统设备中应用最广泛的一种脱盐技术，具有极高脱盐能力，且运行安全、灵活，操作简单。
反渗透系统包括保安过滤器、高压泵、反渗透膜组、清洗系统、冲洗系统及控制仪表。
a.保安过滤器
为防止膜元件在运行过程中被固体颗粒损害，每套反渗透之前还设有1台5mm的保安过滤器，其作用是截留来自预处理出水中大于5μ的颗粒进入反渗透系统。这种颗粒经高压泵加压后可能击穿反渗透膜组件，造成大量漏盐的情况，同时可能会划伤高压泵的叶轮。保安过滤器为不锈钢316材质，滤芯采用美国OSMONICS公司的熔喷聚丙烯滤芯，深层过滤，具有纳污量大、寿命长、易更换的优点。当过滤器进出口压差大于设定值（通常为0.07-0.1MPa）时应当更换。
b.高压泵
高压泵为反渗透膜组提供足够的进水压力，维持反渗透膜的正常运行。本系统每套反渗透入口均设有1台美国Pentair公司生产的卧式多级离心泵，4套反渗透系统设置1台备用泵。
4.5.5.1 RO dosing unit
a. Anti-scalant dosing unit
To avoid carbonates, sulfates, and Ca2+ or Mg2+ chemical scalesappearing in RO condensed water end, specially in the condensedwater side of the last membrane element in RO pressure container,hence affecting the performance of the membrane elements underfairly high recovery rate, anti-scalant is needed to add to RO feedwater. The unit adopts anti-scalant imported from America, which isdispersing maskant (参考：
http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/qikan/periodical.articles/hxtb2/hxtb99/hxtb9909/990914.htm),whose role is as follows:
•High anti-scale efficiency. The maximum allowable value of LSIindex in original water is 2.8, and it can control inorganic scaleseffectively within this range.
•Its major components are small-molecular organic phosphoruscompounds, which have the advantages of water-stability, uneasy todegrade, non-production of microorganism-nutritive n-phosphates,and non-pollution to the environment after discharging.
•It’s an excellent dispersant, which can control ferrous-,aluminum- and heavy metal pollution and disperse ferrous-colloidsand tiny particles blocking micro-holes in the membrane.
The anti-scalant dosing unit mainly includes two America Milton RoyCompany electromagnetic diaphragm meter pumps (1 in use & 1 forpreparation) and a solution tank.
Anti-scalant dosing control adopts signal-output-coupled methods ofdosing meter pumps and feed water online flow meter to reach toregulate dosage automatically.
b. Reducer dosing unit
RO compound membrane demands less than 0.1mg/l chlorine residuecontained in the feed water, and the addition of reducers such assodium hydrogen sulfite is to neutralize oxidizing components suchas chlorine residue contained in the feed water, to avoid theirdamages to RO membrane element.
The dosing unit mainly includes two mechanically diaphragm meterpumps (1 in use & 1 for preparation) produced by America MiltonRoy Company and a solution tank. Dosages can be regulatedautomatically according to 4-20mA signals of Online ChlorineResidue (ORP) (自己再核实一下，这个很不准确), they also can be regulatedmanually.
4.5.5.2 RO unit
RO is a desalting technology used the widest in current watertreatment systems having the advantages of extremely high desaltingefficiency, safety and flexible running, and simple operation.
RO system includes safeguard filter, high pressure pump, ROmembrane array, cleaning unit, washing unit, as well as controlinstrument.
a. Safeguard filter
Solid particles can damage membrane elements during their running,thus each set of RO is preset with a 5mm safeguard filter, whoserole is to prevent particles more than 5μ size in pre-processingwater outlet from entering into RO system. These particles maypuncture RO membrane module after pressuring by the high-pressurepump and results in salt leakage and/or scratch the impellers ofthe high-pressure pump. Safeguard filter is made of 316 stainlesssteel material and adopts melt-blown polypropylene filteringelement produced by America OSMONICS Company, and it has theadvantages of deep bed filtration, large contamination capacity,long life, and easy to be replaced. When the inlet/outlet pressuredifference (generally 0.07-0.1MPa) of the filter reaches to morethan the setting value, the filtering element should bereplaced.
b. High pressure pump
High pressure pump provides RO membrane arrays with enough feedwater pressure, and maintain the normal running of RO membrane.Every RO inlet in the unit is equipped with a horizontalmulti-stage centrifugal pump produced by America Pentair Company aswell as a pump for preparation every four sets of RO units.
4.5.5.1counter- seepages adds the medicine installment
A. The anti- filthy medicinal preparation adds themedicineinstallment
In order to in the higher returns-ratio situation preventedthecounter- seepage practical knowledge end specially is in thecounter-osmotic pressure pressure vessel last the membrane part isthick水侧 appears the carbonate, the sulfate and Ca2+, the Mg2+ionchemistry scaling, thus the influence membrane part performance,ininstead seeps in front of the water to need to join the anti-filthymedicinal preparation. This system selects US to import theanti-filthy medicinal preparation, this medicament is one kind ofdisperserhiding medicinal preparation, its function as follows:
The anti- filthy potency is high, the original water LSI indexbiggestpermissible value is 2.8, in this scope may the effectivecontrolinorganic substance scaling.
The principal constituent for contains the phosphorus smallmemberorganic matter, in water nature stable, is not easy todecomposeproduces has the microorganism nutrition the normalphosphatenourishing substance, after discharges cannot have thepollution tothe environment.
For the outstanding dispersing agent, may control the iron,thealuminum and the heavy metal pollution, also may to stop upthemembrane pore the hard colloid and the tiny pellet gets upthedispersion.
The anti- filthy medicinal preparation adds the medicineinstallmentmainly to include 2 American Milton Roy Corporationtheelectromagnetism mutual lack of understanding metering pump (1to use1 to prepare), 1 solution box.
The anti- filthy medicinal preparation adds the medicine controltouse adds the medicine metering pump with to enter the water inthefilamental flow gauge signal output interconnection controlmethod,achieved the automatic control adds the dose the goal.
B. The reducing agent adds the medicine installment
The counter- seepage compound membrane request enters thewater-odd chlorine to be smaller than 0.1mg/l, joins reducing agenttheand so on sodium bisulfite goal is center and comes in the waterYuLv and so on oxidized the ingredient, prevents it to thecounter-seepage membrane part damage.
This adds the medicine installment mainly to include 2 AmericanMiltonRoy Corporation the mechanical mutual lack of understandingmeteringpump (1 to use 1 to prepare) and 1 solution box. Adds thedose to bepossible to act according to the on-line -odd chlorine(ORP) the tableoutput 4 - 20mA signal automatic control, also maythe manualregulation.
4.5.5.2 counter- seepages systems
The counter- seepage is in at present water disposalsystemequipment applies the most widespread one kind ofdesalinizationtechnology, has the extremely high desalinizationability, alsomovement safe, nimble, the operation is simple.
Counter- seepage system including security filter, high-pressurepump,counter- seepage membrane group, clean system, flushing systemandcontrol measuring appliance.
A. Security filter
In order to prevent membrane part in movement process bysolidparticle harm, before each set of counter- seepages also isequippedwith 1 5mm the security filter, its function is temporarilystops isbigger than 5 mu pellets from the pretreatment waterleakage in toenter the counter- seepage system. This kind of pelletpressurizesafter the high-pressure pump possibly penetrates thecounter- seepagemembrane module, creates massively leaks salty thesituation,simultaneously possibly can scratch the high-pressurepump theimpeller. The security filter for the stainless steel 316materialqualities, the filter element uses American OSMONICSCorporation themelt to spurt the polypropylene filter element, thein-depth filters,has the merit which the natrium dirt quantity big,the life long, iseasy to replace. When the filter import and exportdifferentialpressure is bigger than supposes the definite value(usually is0.07-0.1MPa) must replace.
B. High-pressure pump
The high-pressure pump provides enough for the counter-seepagemembrane group enters the hydraulic pressure, maintains thecounter-seepage membrane the normal operation. This system each setofcounter- seepages entrance is equipped with thehorizontal-typemultistage centrifugal pump which 1 American PentairCorporationproduces, 4 sets of counter- seepages systems establish1 relay pump.